{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:14:39Z","timestamp":1775693679104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Functional dystonia (\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is one of the most diagnostically challenging functional movement disorders. Phenomenological features often lack specificity, as many are also observed in idiopathic dystonia (\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and validated biomarkers to distinguish\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n from\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n are currently unavailable\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate potential differences in muscle activity between ID and FD patients using polyelectromyography (PEMG) under anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We consecutively enrolled 10 patients with\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 17 with\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n according to the current diagnostic criteria who underwent continuous\n PEMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n before, during, and after propofol infusion. Sedation levels were monitored by electroencephalography and bispectral index and stratified via the Observer's Assessment of Alertness\/Sedation Scale (OASS).\n PEMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n recordings were performed under five definite scenarios: alert, mild and deep sedation, and partial and full recovery of consciousness status. Presence\/absence of\n EMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity was evaluated across these stages, and changes from baseline patterns were analyzed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n During mild sedation,\n EMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity persisted in all\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n (100%) and in 9 (90%)\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. During deep sedation,\n EMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity persisted in 9 (53%)\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and was absent in all\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients (100%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). During partial recovery of consciousness,\n EMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity was present in all (100%)\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n and only in 1 (10%)\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). At full recovery, a different muscular activation pattern from baseline was observed in 7 (70%)\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and only in 1 (6%)\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n EMG<\/jats:styled-content>\n silence during deep sedation and partial recovery may serve as a neurophysiological marker of\n FD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . A muscular activation pattern differing from baseline may represent a neurophysiological clue for incongruence \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T10:33:55Z","timestamp":1762943635000},"page":"395-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polyelectromyography Under Propofol to Differentiate Functional from Idiopathic Dystonia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Eleopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan 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