{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:11:27Z","timestamp":1791911487935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272675"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82501756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82501756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M772125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cerebellum has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of craniocervical dystonia (CCD). Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN\u2010DBS) has emerged as an effective therapy for CCD. However, the roles of cerebellar afferent and efferent pathways in CCD pathogenesis and STN\u2010DBS treatment remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify microstructural and connectivity alterations in the cerebellar afferent\/efferent pathways in CCD, and to investigate their associations with clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 31 CCD patients undergoing STN\u2010DBS and 33 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls. Probabilistic tractography was performed to reconstruct three paired tracts: decussating dentato\u2010rubro\u2010thalamic tract (d\u2010DRTT), non\u2010decussating dentato\u2010rubro\u2010thalamic tract (nd\u2010DRTT), and subthalamo\u2010ponto\u2010cerebellar tract (SPCT). First, we quantified and compared whole\u2010tract mean fractional anisotropy (FA), along\u2010tract FA, and structural connectivity strength between groups. Second, we assessed correlations between these structural metrics and clinical variables (disease duration, baseline severity, and DBS improvement). Finally, volume of tissue activated (VTA)\u2010seeded tractography was conducted to explore its relationship with DBS outcomes in the CCD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with healthy controls, CCD patients presented significantly higher FA in bilateral nd\u2010DRTT, particularly in regions corresponding to the red nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle. Moreover, bilateral VTA\u2010cerebellum connectivity showed a significant positive association with DBS outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study revealed a functional segregation of cerebellar pathways in CCD: the efferent pathways were linked to disease pathogenesis, whereas the afferent pathways were associated with STN\u2010DBS outcomes. This study will foster a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of CCD and facilitate the development of optimized DBS strategies. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T10:36:47Z","timestamp":1763116607000},"page":"384-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distinct Roles of Cerebellar Afferent and Efferent Fiber Tracts in Craniocervical Dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Peking University Third Hospital  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