{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:47:38Z","timestamp":1789732058942,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n Biobank (\n UKBB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) provides extensive genetic, imaging, and health data for ~500,000 participants, enabling studies of prodromal phases of diseases like Parkinson's disease (\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). However, during analysis, we became concerned about the accuracy of diagnosis timing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the accuracy of PD diagnosis timing in UKBB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We examined\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis timing using hospital, primary care, death records, and self\u2010reported data. We assessed discrepancies between sources and identified co\u2010occurring diagnoses recorded on the same date as\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 3979\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases, 97% of the 786 participants with both self\u2010reported and electronic health records (\n EHRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) reported their diagnosis earlier than recorded in the\n EHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , with a typical delay of 5 to 7\u2009years. Multiple codiagnoses were often logged on the same date, suggesting retrospective or batch data entry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Substantial delays in\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n documentation may misclassify already diagnosed individuals as prodromal. This introduces significant bias into studies of early disease markers and distorts the timing between risk factors and clinical onset. \u00a9 2025 The Author(s).\n Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:24:12Z","timestamp":1764915852000},"page":"767-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Delayed Disease Onset Report in\n UK<\/scp>\n Biobank: Implications for Prodromal Studies in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2269-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheida","family":"Zolfaghari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6970-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trycia","family":"Kouchache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Delva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bouhadoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirja","family":"Kuhlencord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alastair J.","family":"Noyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Morys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Rannikmae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Dagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-4734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald B.","family":"Postuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"The Neuro, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9\u2010Coeur de Montr\u00e9al Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Health\u2010related outcomes data;2022.https:\/\/www.ukbiobank.ac.uk\/enable-your-research\/about-our-data\/health-related-outcomes-data."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27802"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"BushK RannikmaeK WilkinsonT SchnierC SudlowC.Definitions of Parkinson's Disease and the Major Causes of Parkinsonism UK Biobank Phase 1 Outcomes Adjudication;2018.https:\/\/biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk\/ukb\/ukb\/docs\/alg_outcome_pdp.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02440-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.96.15_supplement.2229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4699"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.70147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.70147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.70147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:17:31Z","timestamp":1786634251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.70147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.70147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.70147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}