{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:46:10Z","timestamp":1790610370573,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common genetic risk variants for Parkinson's disease (PD), the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unresolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to identify circulating proteins causally associated with PD risk in European and East Asian populations and determine whether these associations are shared or ancestry\u2010specific.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We employed a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, integrating large\u2010scale proteomic and genetic data, with validation using summary\u2010data\u2010based MR (SMR). European analyses used UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB\u2010PPP; n\u2009=\u200954,219; 2,392 proteins) and a large PD GWAS (37,688 cases, 18,618 proxy cases, 1.4 million controls). East Asian analyses combined Han Chinese and UKB\u2010PPP data (n\u2009=\u20093,220; 229 proteins) with a PD GWAS (6,724 cases, 24,851 controls). False discovery rate (FDR)\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 determined significance. Sensitivity analyses addressed instrument heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sample overlap.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MR analyses identified 21 proteins causally associated with PD in Europeans and 8 in East Asians, all directionally concordant in SMR validation. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>BST1<\/jats:italic>\n                      emerged as a shared causal protein, increasing PD risk in both Europeans (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02\u20131.06) and East Asians (OR\u2009=\u20091.18, 95% CI: 1.10\u20131.27), remaining robust after excluding UK Biobank participants. Several ancestry\u2010specific proteins were detected, including\n                      <jats:italic>TXNDC15<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Europeans and\n                      <jats:italic>PM20D1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in East Asians, both targets of existing or investigational drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010ancestry proteogenomic analysis reveals shared and ancestry\u2010specific proteomic signatures causally linked to PD, underscoring the importance of using ancestry\u2010aware analytical frameworks to discover robust biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. \u00a9 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T13:05:13Z","timestamp":1767877513000},"page":"981-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proteomic and Genetic Insights into Ancestry\u2010Specific Associations in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Wei\u2010Yin","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Nee","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Human Genetics Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine Guo\u2010Yan","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Human Genetics Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shen\u2010Yang","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"The Mah Pooi Soo &amp; Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's &amp; Related Disorders University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2979-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai Huey","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"The Mah Pooi Soo &amp; Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's &amp; Related Disorders University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang\u2010Dar","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel E.","family":"Renter\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences The University of Queensland  Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"Brain &amp; 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