{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:45:07Z","timestamp":1791945907943,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term exposure to air pollution has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence, yet evidence is mixed, partly because of challenges with PD diagnosis and definition. We examined this association in a nationwide administrative cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We followed 3,280,190 Danish residents \u226530\u2009years old from January 1, 2000 until December 31, 2018 for PD incidence, defined as either first hospital contact for primary PD or redeemed prescription of PD medication, as recorded in the Danish National Patient Registry or Prescription Registry, respectively. We assigned annual mean air pollution exposure concentrations at baseline residential address using the hybrid land\u2010use regression model (fine particulate matter [PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ], nitrogen dioxide [NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ], ozone [warm\u2010season, O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      w], black carbon [BC]) rendered at 0.1\u2009\u00d7\u20090.1\u2009km. We used Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, individual\u2010level, and area\u2010level socioeconomic factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a mean (standard deviation) follow\u2010up of 15.7 (5.6) years, 36,665 participants developed PD. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) exposure levels of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      , NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      w, and BC were 12.4 (2.0), 20.2 (7.9), 80.2 (4.3) \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and 1.01 (0.4) \u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/m, respectively. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for associations between air pollutants (per IQR) and PD incidence were: 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) for PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) for NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) for O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      w; and 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) for BC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a representative nationwide cohort, we find that long\u2010term exposure to air pollution is associated with PD incidence. This unique study, with access to incidence data from administrative health registers, provides new evidence supporting air pollution as a PD risk factor. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:13:49Z","timestamp":1772968429000},"page":"1467-1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Nationwide Administrative Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cole\u2010Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Antic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youn\u2010Hee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health, Department of 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