{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:44:59Z","timestamp":1791945899486,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. Conditions of war, including traumatic brain injury, chronic stress, toxin exposure, malnutrition, and healthcare disruption, may significantly affect both PD risk and management. Studies have linked traumatic brain injury, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, and prolonged psychological stress to increased PD risk, while wartime deprivation may serve as a long\u2010latency factor, with disease onset occurring decades later. Management of PD during conflict presents distinct challenges. Healthcare system collapse, medication shortages, and loss of follow\u2010up care exacerbate motor and non\u2010motor symptoms, often accelerating disability. Patients dependent on advanced therapies such as deep brain stimulation face particular risks given the reliance on specialist care and device maintenance. Ethical dilemmas also arise regarding the allocation of scarce dopaminergic medications, highlighting the need for triage frameworks in humanitarian contexts. Major gaps remain, including limited longitudinal data on PD progression in war\u2010affected populations, a lack of tailored telemedicine approaches, and the absence of emergency guidelines for neurological care. Addressing these issues requires conflict\u2010sensitive research, innovative care models, and the development of standardized humanitarian protocols. \u00a9 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:23:25Z","timestamp":1773743005000},"page":"1362-1369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Parkinson's Disease in Times of War: Gaps in Knowledge and Emerging Controversies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1675-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehri","family":"Salari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Etemadifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sevim","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-181474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01419-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6465793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(80)90015-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00223433251345636"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0004860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44250-025-00232-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9190-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-023-01225-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00363-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000068008.78394.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp.2023.0423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.25445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-240098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-00152-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/456298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-02141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-230211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(99)06264-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.153951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2022.2147257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04375-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.18513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-106457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj2099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608241246449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000000953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.20042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-223362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-024-00325-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2020-107071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02389-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1783957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-8-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0331249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-202411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1782515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.105833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/amj.2022.08455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","unstructured":"International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).Urban Services During Protracted Armed Conflict: A Call for a Better Approach to Assisting Affected People.Geneva:International Committee of the Red Cross;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2023.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","volume-title":"mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP\u2010HIG): Clinical Management of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Conditions in Humanitarian Emergencies","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734-020-00089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-022-00493-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.879250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887231195219"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.70272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.70272","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.70272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:01:49Z","timestamp":1791943309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.70272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.70272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.70272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}