{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:22:43Z","timestamp":1791908563012,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11932013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11932013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12472328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12472328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021HBQZYCXY002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HBQZYCXY002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (TIs) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a novel noninvasive neuromodulation approach with potential to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear. Changes in functional connectivity (FC) of the STN and the cortical\u2010basal ganglia\u2010thalamic\u2010cortical (CBTC) circuit are central to PD pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blind, crossover study aimed to examine the effects of STN\u2010TIs on FCs of the STN and regions in the CBTC circuit in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>23 participants with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate PD received a 20\u2010minute session of 130\u2009Hz TIs targeting the STN of the contralateral hemisphere of the patient's severely affected side (or the dominant side in case of bilateral disturbance), and active sham stimulation in randomized order. Resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Part III of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS\u2010III) were completed before and after stimulation. The STN and regions in the CBTC circuit were defined as regions of interest (ROI) for ROI\u2010to\u2010ROI FC analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to sham stimulation, 130\u2009Hz STN\u2010TIs induced a connectivity\u2010specific effect, including the decreased FCs between the targeted side of STN and putamen (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004\u20130.046) and caudate (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and increased FC between the targeted side of STN and M1 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002\u20130.004). No severe side effects were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study provides preliminary but novel evidence for the potential modulatory effect of STN\u2010TIs on resting\u2010state neural activities in the motor circuit. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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