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We validated incident\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n using several data sources. We described trajectories of\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n use using mixed logistic models within a nested case\u2013control study. We used Cox proportional hazards models for time\u2010varying variables to estimate the association between\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (overall, amlodipine, non\u2010amlodipine dihydropyridines [\n DiCCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ], non\u2010dihydropyridines [non\u2010\n DiCCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]) and\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Main analyses used a 5\u2010year lag; sensitivity analyses without a lag were performed for comparison.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 82,605 women, 603 developed\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 13,022 used\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Women who started non\u2010\n DiCCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n had higher\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk than never users (hazard ratio [\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]\u2009=\u20091.56; 95% confidence interval [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]\u2009=\u20090.99\u20132.46;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010trend \u2264 0.02). Among non\u2010\n DiCCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , diltiazem was associated with\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.20 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.19\u20134.04]). There were no significant associations for\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n overall, amlodipine, and non\u2010amlodipine\n DiCCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In analyses without a lag, amlodipine (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.45 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.13\u20131.87]) and diltiazem (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.63 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.02\u20132.60]) were associated with\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Results are consistent with trajectories of\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n prescriptions in\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients and controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n Overall,\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were not associated with\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n but women who started using diltiazem had higher\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n incidence in lagged analyses. Diltiazem and amlodipine were associated with\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in analyses without a lag. These findings are consistent with case reports of parkinsonism induced by specific\n CCBs<\/jats:styled-content>\n and warrant further studies and surveillance. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:49:45Z","timestamp":1777517385000},"page":"2071-2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Revisiting the Association Between Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson's Disease in the\n E3N<\/scp>\n Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Moutard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et sant\u00e9 des populations (CESP) Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay (UVSQ) Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8380-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et sant\u00e9 des populations (CESP) Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay (UVSQ) Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3018-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9meline","family":"Courtois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et sant\u00e9 des populations (CESP) Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay (UVSQ) Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Artaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et sant\u00e9 des populations (CESP) Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay (UVSQ) Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascale","family":"Tubert\u2010Bitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Centre de recherche en \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et sant\u00e9 des populations (CESP) Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay (UVSQ) Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de Neurologie Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France; 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