{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T07:48:48Z","timestamp":1791791328103,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The classification of hereditary ataxias has evolved over two centuries, from anatomical descriptions to genetically informed frameworks. Initially grounded in clinicopathological observation, early models emphasized familial patterns and structural lesions. Key figures, including Gordon Holmes, Joseph Greenfield, and Anita Harding, shaped the nosology, culminating in Harding's inheritance\u2010based classification in the 1980s. This model enabled significant genetic discoveries, including the identification of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and the emergence of the SCA nomenclature. However, despite advances in molecular genetics, current classifications remain limited in clinical practice. They offer little guidance for diagnosis or therapy and often function as expanding gene catalogues rather than coherent clinical tools. Recent efforts to standardize nomenclature for autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias have improved clarity but have not resolved broader challenges. The overlap between hereditary and secondary forms, phenotypic variability, and inconsistent terminology continue to complicate classification. This review retraces the historical trajectory of hereditary ataxia classification to provide insights for future developments. \u00a9 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:07:07Z","timestamp":1785380827000},"page":"2293-2298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Hereditary Ataxias: A Historical Quest for Definition and Classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4921-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9o","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Henrique Ferreira","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio Afonso Ghizoni","family":"Teive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Diseases Group, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/cont.0000000000001599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2020.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"641","article-title":"De l'ataxie locomotrice progressive. 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