{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1788782853689,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a lack of treatments for non\u2010motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the safety and effectiveness of an oral\n                      <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa L.<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract on pain and other NMS of PD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This phase II, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial evaluated a formulation containing cannabidiol (CBD; 96\u2009mg\/ml) and \u03949\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 2.1\u2009mg\/ml) in PD patients with chronic pain over 9\u2009weeks. The final daily dosage was 43.88\u2009mg CBD and 0.96\u2009mg THC. The primary outcome was the between\u2010group difference in PD\u2010Pain Classification System (PCS) scores at final visit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We enrolled 101 participants, and 87 completed the study. No significant differences were observed between the CBD\/THC and placebo groups in PD\u2010PCS scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.757) or in other non\u2010motor scales. No serious adverse events were reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cannabis oil formulation did not improve pain or other NMS compared with placebo in people with PD. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Movement Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T07:24:48Z","timestamp":1786087488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabis\u2010Based Oil for Pain and Other Non\u2010Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Gabriel T.","family":"Kubota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Pain Treatment Center Cancer Institute of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3565-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacy B.","family":"Parmera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus","family":"Deltreggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro N.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Juiz de Fora  Juiz de Fora Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5176-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Let\u00edcia M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4279-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananda C.M.","family":"de Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rosa","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Alice P.","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayara A.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa I.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo C.","family":"de Fonseca Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Center, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HC\u2010FMUSP)  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberval G.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de 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