{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:40Z","timestamp":1786978180081,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5763,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adductor spastic dysphonia (SD) is a laryngeal dystonia characterized by a choked, constrained voice pattern with breaks in vocal flow. Treatment with a variety of therapies including speech and pharmacotherapy have minimal benefit; only one\u2010third of patients undergoing recurrent laryngeal nerve section have benefitted at 3 years. We have used local injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) bilaterally into vocalis muscles in 42 patients with SD. Injections were through a teflon\u2010coated hollow electromyography (EMG) recording needle. Unilateral small doses (2.53.75 U) were of no clinical benefit. Bilateral small doses resulted in sustained improvement lasting 84.4 \u00b1 9.3 days. The degree of improvement was 61.1 \u00b1 4.6%. Common side\u2010effects included a brief period of breathy hypophonia (8.5 \u00b1 2.5 days) and a mild sensation of choking\/aspiration of fluids (1.7 \u00b1 0.6 days); there were no serious adverse effect. Vocal cord paralysis was not necessary for benefit. Follow\u2010up vocalis muscle EMGs revealed denervation. All patients responded to retreatment (longest follow\u2010up 3.5 years). Patients with prior recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery and residual uncomplicated dysphonia had similar results. Our results indicate that local injection of low\u2010dose Botox is the treatment of choice for SD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T07:53:23Z","timestamp":1104566003000},"page":"287-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Adductor laryngeal dystonia (spastic dysphonia): Treatment with local injections of botulinum toxin (Botox)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mitchell F.","family":"Brin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Blitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Fahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Lovelace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilbur","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"332","volume-title":"Movement Disorders 2","author":"Fahn S","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Clinical voice disorders, an interdisciplinary approach","author":"Aronson AE","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.10.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198802000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198301000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265645"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the treatment of spastic dysphonia","volume":"96","author":"Blitzer A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198802000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1987.01860060029009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.8.1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400614"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"LudlowCL HallettM SedoryS FujitaMNauntonRF. Pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia including effects of botulinum toxin treatment. Abstracts of the 1988 Congress of the International Medical Society of Motor Disturbances Rome 1988b."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"537","article-title":"Spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"50","author":"Rosenfel DB","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988209000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198301000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948709600522"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00998566"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(84)80015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"A stuttering therapy programme with spastic dysphonia\u2014single case study","volume":"32","author":"Meyers I","year":"1985","journal-title":"S Afr J Comm Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(83)80020-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4501.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200510"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.870040401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.870040401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:57:01Z","timestamp":1760957821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.870040401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.870040401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870040401","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}