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An EMG examination of facial muscles disclosed the typical finding of HFS: spontaneous activity, paradoxical cocontraction, and diffusion of spontaneous or provoked blinking. A nuclear involvement, secondary to the nerve lesion, is the most likely pathophysiological explanation for similar cases of HFS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T18:52:18Z","timestamp":1104519138000},"page":"181-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Hemifacial spasm due to peripheral injury of facial nerve: A neuclear syndrome?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ippoliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/26.CN_suppl_1.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","series-title":"Advances in Neurology","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Facial Dyskinesias","author":"Digre K","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"Un cas de spasm facial postparalitique localis\u00e9: \u00e9tude clinique et electromyographique","volume":"71","author":"Bratzlavsky M.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.6.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"424","article-title":"Note sur le contractions \u201csynergiques paradoxales\u201d observ\u00e8es \u00e0 la suite de la paralysie facial peripherique","volume":"18","author":"Lamy H.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Nouv Iconagr Salpetriere"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"An attempt to relieve hemifacial spasm by neurolysis of the facial nerve; a report of two cases of hemifacial spasm with reflections on the nature of the spasm, the contracture and mass movements","volume":"26","author":"Woltman HW","year":"1951","journal-title":"Proc Staff Mayo Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90117-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1966.00470080033005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01653124"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1946.02300160002001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"702","article-title":"Paralysie facial peripherique: autopsie","volume":"14","author":"Miralli C.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"Is there a decussation of the facial motor nerve root? 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