{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:25:28Z","timestamp":1771017928209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3452,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography to explore the functional basis of lid opening apraxia (LOA). We studied four patients with LOA without associated pyramidal or extrapyramidal motor dysfunction (mean age 65.5 \u00b1 4.7 years). We compared measures of glucose metabolism with those calculated for 10 age\u2010matched normal volunteers (mean age 60.6 \u00b1 11.4). All four patients demonstrated significant metabolic reductions (&gt;2 SD) in the medial frontal lobe: bilaterally in two, unilaterally in two. Significant abnormal unilateral metabolic reductions in the left basal ganglia were evident in two patients. These findings suggest that medial frontal lobe hypometabolism is associated with LOA. Abnormal striatofrontal interactions may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T09:39:23Z","timestamp":1104485963000},"page":"341-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lid opening apraxia is associated with medial frontal hypometabolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Winterkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Eidelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970030157003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Neuro\u2010ophthalmic findings in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"12","author":"Friedman DI","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.3.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Apraxia of lid opening in blepharospasm","volume":"21","author":"Jordan DR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"The cerebral cortex of man","author":"Penfield W","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Neurology of the ocular muscles","author":"Cogan DG","year":"1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1945.8.4.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"Co\u2010planar stereotactic atlas of the human brain","author":"Talairach J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"571","article-title":"Reflex orientation of the optical axes and the influence upon it of the cerebral cortex","volume":"7","author":"Brown TG","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.3.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Neurologic clinics","author":"Eidelberg D","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.870100319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.870100319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:51:06Z","timestamp":1760950266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.870100319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.870100319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870100319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]}}}