{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T09:10:31Z","timestamp":1781601031150,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3329,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scaling of posturally stabilizing long latency (LL) reflexes in tibialis anterior muscles induced by \u201ctoe\u2010up\u201d rotational perturbations is abnormal in standing patients with Parkinson's disease. To investigate the contribution of dopaminergic pathways to abnormal scaling, we studied LL reflexes in 22 patients with selective hypodopaminergic syndromes: 10 psychiatric patients taking chronic neuroleptic medication (7 with mild parkinsonism), 8 patients with young\u2010onset Parkinson's disease, and 4 patients with MPTP\u2010induced parkinsonism. Results were compared with those of 10 healthy controls. Stimuli consisted of (a) 10 serial (predictable) perturbations of 4\u00b0 amplitude, (b) 10 serial (predictable) perturbations of 10\u00b0 amplitude, and (c) 20 randomly mixed (unpredictable) perturbations of either 4 or 10\u00b0 amplitude. In normal subjects, LL reflex amplitudes were adapted to match predictable variations in stimulus size, whereas under unpredictable conditions a \u201cdefault\u201d response emerged that anticipated the 10\u00b0 perturbation. LL reflex scaling under predictable conditions was intact in patients with neuroleptic\u2010induced parkinsonism and young\u2010onset Parkinson's disease, but the large default LL response under unpredictable conditions was absent. In patients with MPTP\u2010induced parkinsonism, LL reflex scaling was absent during both predictable and unpredictable conditions. We conclude that abnormal scaling of posturally stabilizing LL reflexes is related to decreased supraspinal dopaminergic influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T09:43:25Z","timestamp":1104486205000},"page":"580-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long latency postural reflexes are under supraspinal dopaminergic control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Beckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen P. P.","family":"van Vugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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