{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:52:09Z","timestamp":1790873529279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2744,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Freezing is a common symptom in parkinsonian syndromes, but its association with different causes of parkinsonism as well as with other symptoms has never been investigated. We conducted a database survey of the occurrence of freezing in parkinsonism. Of 347 patients with a clinical diagnosis of parkinsonism other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease and with specific data regarding freezing, 158 patients had freezing (46%). Freezing was significantly associated with progression of the disease as rated on the Hoehn &amp; Yahr scale [odds ratio (OR), 1.69; p &lt; 0.004]. Gender was not a risk factor for the development of freezing. Patients with drug\u2010induced parkinsonism were at a very low risk for developing freezing (p &lt; 0.00001; OR, 0.1). Freezing was found in a high frequency in patients with vascular parkinsonism (57%), normal\u2010pressure hydrocephalus (56%), and generally in teh group of patients who had parkinsonism resulting from neurodegenerative disease (progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal ganglionic degeneration; 45%). Freezing was significantly associated with the presence of dementia, incontinence, and tachyphemia (OR, 2.01, 1.7, and 5.09, respectively).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T20:20:30Z","timestamp":1117311630000},"page":"302-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Freezing phenomenon in patients with parkinsonian 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