{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T02:08:17Z","timestamp":1786673297391,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2621,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although childhood, limb\u2010onset idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD) is at increased prevalence among Jews, and Ashkenazi Jews with this form of ITD show linkage disequilibrium for a unique haplotype, little else is known about phenotypic or genetic variation in ITD among ethnic groups. We assessed clinical features in 786 ITD patients and determined the relative frequencies of various clinical forms of ITD in the major ethnic groups. Several differences in age\u2010at\u2010onset and site\u2010at\u2010onset distributions among groups were demonstrated. As expected, Ashkenazi Jews had an earlier age\u2010at\u2010onset distribution than did non\u2010Jewish Caucasians. In the early\u2010onset group, Jews were less likely to have cervical onset and more likely to have onset in the limbs than were non\u2010Jewish Caucasians (p &lt; 0.01). Among late\u2010onset cases, Jews had less cervical onset and more cranial onset than did non\u2010Jewish Caucasians (p &lt; 0.01). African\u2010Americans showed suggestive differences in both age at onset and site at onset as compared with the two Caucasian groups, with an intermediate age at onset, a deficit of leg onset, and an excess of cranial and larynx onset. Subgroups of non\u2010Jewish Caucasians showed no significant differences from each other. The observed ethnic variations in age at onset and site at onset of ITD suggest population differences in disease\u2010causing alleles or loci. However, environmental influences on expression of ITD can not be excluded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T20:28:34Z","timestamp":1117312114000},"page":"715-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ethnic variation in the clinical expression of idiopathic torsion dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Almasy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bressman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Risch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(89)90188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"468","article-title":"The DYT1 gene on 9q34 is responsible for most cases of early limb\u2010onset idiopathic torsion dystonia in non\u2010Jews","volume":"55","author":"Kramer PL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.2.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"619","article-title":"Strong allelic association between the torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) and loci on chromosome 9q34 in Ashkenazi Jews","volume":"50","author":"Ozelius LJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0295-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110379"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"Practical nonparametric statistics","author":"Conover WJ","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Institute. SAS user's guide: statistics","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.21.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110380"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060070045013"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.870120515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.870120515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:09:22Z","timestamp":1760965762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.870120515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.870120515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870120515","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}