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The latency of onset between head trauma and the movement disorder varied between 1 day and a few months. Magnetic resonance imaging, which was performed in all three patients, did not detect any structural lesions of the basal ganglia or the brainstem. Extensive bifrontal leukoencephalopathy was found in one patient who suffered severe head trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T20:28:34Z","timestamp":1117312114000},"page":"776-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Tics secondary to craniocerebral trauma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joachim K.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30187-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.8.1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1995.11740353","article-title":"Lesions of dentatothalamic pathways in severe posttraumatic tremor","volume":"17","author":"Krauss JK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Handbook of Tremor Disorders","author":"Curran TG","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.115.520.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette's symptoms induced by L\u2010dopa","volume":"48","author":"Klempel K","year":"1974","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"Fahn S","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Posttraumatic tic disorder","volume":"5","author":"Siemers E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Posttraumatic tic disorder","volume":"9","author":"Gaul JJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Handbook of Tourette's syndrome and related tic and behavioral disorders","author":"Jankovic J","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70311-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Movement disorders 2","author":"Jankovic J","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Tourette syndrome: genetics, neurobiology, and treatment","author":"Lang AE","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"Sacks OW","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70315-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Neurotrauma","author":"Kraus JF","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"463","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of Tourette's syndrome in a single school district","volume":"51","author":"Comings DE","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KraussJK Tr\u00e4nkleR KoppKH.Posttraumatic movement disorders in survivors of severe head injury. 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