{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T23:50:48Z","timestamp":1781394648054,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]],"date-time":"2004-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2195,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyskinesias following long\u2010term dopamine replacement therapy are a major limitation of current treatments for Parkinson's disease. Recently, attention has been focused on the concept of using non\u2010dopaminergic adjuncts to currently available therapies in an attempt to reduce the problem of dyskinesia. Thus, an enhanced understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying dyskinetic symptoms has led to the realization that it might be possible to manipulate non\u2010dopaminergic systems and reduce dyskinesia without compromising the antiparkinsonian efficacy of drugs such as <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010dopa. This article discusses how non\u2010dopaminergic manipulations could reverse the abnormalities in basal ganglia circuitry responsible for generating dyskinesia. It is proposed that potential anti\u2010dyskinetic drugs might include glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, opioid receptor antagonists, cannabinoid receptor agonists or antagonists, \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> adrenergic receptor antagonists, and 5\u2010HT\u2010enhancing agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T20:21:00Z","timestamp":1117311660000},"page":"871-876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Adjuncts to dopamine replacement: A pragmatic approach to reducing the problem of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Brotchie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870050203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Dopa\u2010induced \u2018peakdose\u2019 dyskinesia: clues implicating D2 receptor\u2010mediated mechanisms using dopaminergic agonists in MPTP monkeys","volume":"45","author":"Blanchet PJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neural Transnz Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199609030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510140054014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.1.118a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199310000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"L\u2010dopa\u2010induced dyskinesias improvement by an \u03b12antagonist, idazoxan, in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Rascol O","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"291.4","article-title":"Alpha2\u2010adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce symptoms in animal models of L\u2010dopa\u2010induced dyskinesia","volume":"23","author":"Henry B","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Neuroscience (USA)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.10.1855"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"67P","article-title":"The cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A reduces L\u2010dopa\u2010induced dyskinesia in the MPTP\u2010treated primate model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"123","author":"Brotchie JM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1548"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.870130603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.870130603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.870130603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.870130603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:05:32Z","timestamp":1760954732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.870130603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.870130603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870130603","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,11]]}}}