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First, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDF<\/jats:styled-content>) is not only efficacious against, and has been licensed for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>), but also <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> (hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>). Second, for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infections, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TDF<\/jats:styled-content> can be used in combination with other anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> drugs, such as emtricitabine (combination termed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ruvada\u00ae) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ruvada can be further combined with efavirenz, rilpivirine, elvitegravir, atazanavir, or darunavir, as a single once\u2010daily oral pill. Third, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ruvada can be used prophylactically to prevent transmission of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. And fourth, to prevent sexual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> transmission, tenofovir could also be used topically (i.e., as a vaginal gel). \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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