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In addition, epidemiologic evidences reveal that aspirin may prevent a variety of human cancers, while data on the association between aspirin and some kinds of cancer are conflicting. Preclinical studies and clinical trials also reveal the therapeutic effect of aspirin on cancer. Although cyclooxygenase is a well\u2010known target of aspirin, recent studies uncover other targets of aspirin and its metabolites, such as AMP\u2010activated protein kinase, cyclin\u2010dependent kinase, heparanase, and histone. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that aspirin may act in different cell types, such as epithelial cell, tumor cell, endothelial cell, platelet, and immune cell. Therefore, aspirin acts on diverse hallmarks of cancer, such as sustained tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune evasion. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and integratively analyze the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of aspirin and its metabolites. We also discuss mechanisms of aspirin resistance and describe some derivatives of aspirin, which aim to overcome the adverse effects of aspirin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T07:24:52Z","timestamp":1527837892000},"page":"114-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Complex roles of the old drug aspirin in cancer chemoprevention and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy  Chengdu 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