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However, DAAs suffer from several inherent limitations, including narrow\u2010spectrum antiviral profiles and liability to drug resistance, and hence there are still unmet needs in the treatment of viral infections. In comparison, host targeting antivirals (HTAs) target host factors for antiviral treatment. Since host proteins are probably broadly required for various viral infections, HTAs are not only perceived, but also demonstrated to exhibit broad\u2010spectrum antiviral activities. In addition, host proteins are not under the genetic control of viral genome, and hence HTAs possess much higher genetic barrier to drug resistance as compared with DAAs. In recent years, much progress has been made to the development of HTAs with the approval of chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist maraviroc for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and more in the pipeline for other viral infections. In this review, we summarize various host proteins as antiviral targets from a medicinal chemistry prospective. Challenges and issues associated with HTAs are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T22:55:13Z","timestamp":1581720913000},"page":"1519-1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyue","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow University  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing 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