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The nerve\u2010bone axis sparked extensive preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at elucidating the contribution of nerve\u2010bone crosstalks to skeleton metabolism, homeostasis, and injury repair through the perspective of skeletal neurobiology. To date, peripheral nerves have been widely reported to mediate bone growth and development and fracture healing via the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors, and neurotrophins. Relevant studies have further identified several critical neural pathways that stimulate profound alterations in bone cell biology, revealing a complex interplay between the skeleton and nerve systems. In addition, inspired by nerve\u2010bone crosstalk, novel drug delivery systems and bioactive materials have been developed to emulate and facilitate the process of natural bone repair through neuromodulation, eventually boosting osteogenesis for ideal skeletal tissue regeneration. Overall, this work aims to review the novel research findings that contribute to deepening the current understanding of the nerve\u2010bone axis, bringing forth some schemas that can be translated into the clinical scenario to highlight the critical roles of neuromodulation in the skeletal system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T07:32:46Z","timestamp":1709191966000},"page":"1867-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Emerging roles of nerve\u2010bone axis in modulating skeletal system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jingya","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan 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