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During embryonic\/fetal life, these genes encode proteins involved in adapting to a low\u2010oxygen environment, including the induction of specific enzymes related to glycolytic metabolism, erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis. However, oxygen concentrations fluctuate during intrauterine life, enabling the induction of tissue\u2010specific differentiation processes. Fetal well\u2010being is thus closely linked to the physiological benefits of a dynamically hypoxic environment. Premature birth entails the precocious exposure of the immature fetus to a more oxygen\u2010rich environment compared to the womb. As a result, preterm newborns face a condition of relative hyperoxia, which alters the postnatal development of organs and contributes to prematurity\u2010related diseases. However, until recently, the molecular mechanism by which high oxygen tension alters normal fetal differentiation remained unclear. 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