{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:14:47Z","timestamp":1788516887450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82104421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicinal Research Reviews"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized not merely as a localized proteinopathy, but as a systemic metabolic disorder driven by bioenergetic failure. While mitochondrial dysfunction is a well\u2010established pathological hallmark, the compensatory reprogramming of glycolysis has emerged as a critical, yet double\u2010edged, determinant of neuronal survival. This review critically examines the molecular and spatial architecture of glucose metabolism in the parkinsonian brain. We systematically dissect how upstream genetic regulators, including PTEN and PARK7\/DJ\u20101, alongside downstream rate\u2010limiting enzymes orchestrate the glycolytic shift in response to mitochondrial collapse and \u03b1\u2010synuclein proteotoxicity. Moving beyond a neuron\u2010centric view, we highlight cell\u2010specific metabolic compartmentalization, emphasizing the disruption of the astrocyte\u2010neuron lactate shuttle and the divergent glycolytic phenotypes of reactive microglia. Crucially, we evaluate the dual nature of glycolytic metabolites by demonstrating that a moderate flux sustains basal energy requirements and prevents apoptosis, whereas unchecked hyperglycolysis drives secondary pathological cascades through methylglyoxal\u2010induced protein crosslinking and lactate\u2010mediated neuroinflammation. By bridging these mechanistic insights with cross\u2010disease metabolic links to type 2 diabetes and oncology, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of emerging metabolic modulators, including terazosin, cordycepin, and GLP\u20101 receptor agonists. Finally, we outline the pressing translational bottlenecks, particularly blood\u2013brain barrier penetrance and cell\u2010specific targeting, which must be overcome to successfully harness glycolytic modulation as a disease\u2010modifying strategy for neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/med.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1788514626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycolytic Reprogramming in Parkinson's Disease: From Bioenergetic Crosstalk to Therapeutic Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Zhou","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3797-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6311-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao\u2010Guo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao\u2010Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Nantong University Nantong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-7568(24)00094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00462-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt367"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01478-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102577"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139858"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0072-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29682"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.04.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112335"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01476-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202256380"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci129987"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800908784293659"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0803-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-23-3596"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0921"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.108.182832"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060954"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102114"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176641"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100972"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5449-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041774"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040622"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/nrr.Nrr-d-23-01624"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-015-0192-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111852"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2016.1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq564"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-014-9552-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105527"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-01062-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01513-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg4544"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg4574"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021303"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-025-00604-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111338119"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn6016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46391-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202411078"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8100416"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14030163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12514"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.612476"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13040296"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-130230"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11282-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02776-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.482091"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1042195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2336-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01629-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304687"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00643-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00707-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105605"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100369"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2018.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008133107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.10.1687"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9724117"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29184"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101684"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2022.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.115172"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01928-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.573256"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041356"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101947"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03121-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101763"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22836"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06935-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02383-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126300"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102472"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1601-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06002-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152437"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01676-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202405781"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02187-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24628"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00700-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202513400"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102722"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25151"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105253"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11314"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3516-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x241237974"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01049-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2314699121"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201695810"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47514-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01605-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238924"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00308-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198509053131013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16286"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27723"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.165615"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12167"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18084-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03837-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42634-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202201160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1907167"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2392408"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00511-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081587"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114201"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.133312"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02484-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71424"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600073"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1981.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1218297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102843"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960906"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-022-00579-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45114"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209177120"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174126"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-022-01214-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063110"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.273532"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01733-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110672"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00586"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-230104"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312323"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02475-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106550"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073812"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01090-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg7287"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202203095"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21938"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2318956121"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03389-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1657"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6454482"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2022.103481"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164954"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04703-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119615"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102343"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109653"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)02808-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109716"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/annals-24-01662-jc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25344"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0012-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jpd-181331"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20230190"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174178"}],"container-title":["Medicinal Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/med.70103","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/med.70103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/med.70103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:37:08Z","timestamp":1788514628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/med.70103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":208,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/med.70103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/med.70103","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-6325","1098-1128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-6325","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"med.70103"}}