{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:40:26Z","timestamp":1792410026987,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medicinal Research Reviews"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia. It is characterized by unfavorable prognosis, elevated rates of recurrence, short overall survival and high mortality rates. Genetic and epigenetic aberrations contribute to its initiation and progression, presenting a considerable clinical challenge. Genomic investigations revealed that FMS\u2010like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a receptor tyrosine kinase regulating the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, is overexpressed in AML leukemic blasts. To date, FDA has approved only three FLT3 inhibitors for targeted AML therapy (midostaurin, gilteritinib, quizartinib). These molecules feature several nitrogen atoms; in particular quizartinib contains an oxazole and a urea group that are involved in interactions with FLT3 kinase domain. Similarly, different N\u2010containing heterocycles have proven to play a key role in other FLT3 inhibitors. Though small\u2010molecule FLT3 inhibitors encompass various chemical classes, N\u2010containing heterocycles and particularly the azole core represent the most common scaffold. The electron\u2010rich properties of the azoles allow them to easily bind with enzymes and receptors. Based on this, we will provide a general overview of FLT3 inhibitor classes in AML, along with a comprehensive report on azole\u2010based structures, reviewing recent contributions to the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/med.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:47:36Z","timestamp":1792406856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Focus on Azole\u2010Based and Other N\u2010Containing Heterocycles Within the Landscape of Current Structural Classes as Feline McDonough Sarcoma\u2010Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Inhibitors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Panzeca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7593-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Tardiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Butini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Gemma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1619-3295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Carullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Campiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SynAct4Life Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08680-2","article-title":"Molecular and Clinical Significance of FLT3, NPM1, DNMT3A and TP53 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients","volume":"50","author":"Ali A. 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