{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:39:53Z","timestamp":1790768393703,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molec Gen &amp;amp; Gen Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thalassemia is an inherited hematological disorder categorized by a decrease or absence of one or more of the globin chains synthesis. Beta\u2010thalassemia is caused by one or more mutations in the beta\u2010globin gene. The absence or reduced amount of beta\u2010globin chains causes ineffective erythropoiesis which leads to anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beta\u2010thalassemia has been further divided into three main forms: thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor\/silent carrier. A more severe form among these is thalassemia major in which individuals depend upon blood transfusion for survival. The high level of iron deposition occurs due to regular blood transfusion therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overloaded iron raises the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are noxious and prompting the injury to the hepatic, endocrine, and vascular system. Thalassemia can be analyzed and diagnosed via prenatal testing (genetic testing of amniotic fluid), blood smear, complete blood count, and DNA analysis (genetic testing). Treatment of thalassemia intermediate is symptomatic; however; it can also be accomplished by folic supplementation and splenectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thalassemia major can be cured through regular transfusion of blood, transplantation of bone marrow, iron chelation management, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, stimulation of fetal hemoglobin production, and gene therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T07:42:26Z","timestamp":1636098146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Current status of beta\u2010thalassemia and its treatment strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaukat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumaila","family":"Mumtaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Abdullah","family":"Shakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2631-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaira","family":"Mumtaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tafail Akbar","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Department of Zoology Government College University Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Akif Raza","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Government College University Lahore Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Irfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adeeb","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/IBRR\/2015\/17874"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029614541515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/joah.joah_1_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.099747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-423822"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510601046417"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Survival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine","volume":"89","author":"Borgna\u2010Pignatti C. 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