{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T20:42:56Z","timestamp":1785357776836,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molec Gen &amp; Gen Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal Muscular Dystrophy (SMA) is one of the leading causes of death in infants and young children from heritable diseases. Although no large\u2010scale popultion\u2010based studies have been done in Saudi Arabia, it is reported that the incidence of SMA is higher in the Saudi population partly because of the high degree of consanguineous marriages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final analysis included 4198 normal volunteers aged between 18 and 25\u2009years old, 54.7% males, and 45.3% females. Whole blood was spotted directly from finger pricks onto IsoCode StixTM and genomic DNA was isolated using one triangle from the machine. To discern the <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic> copy number independently from <jats:italic>SMN2<\/jats:italic>, Multiplex PCR with Dral restriction fragment analysis was completed. We used the carrier frequency and population\u2010level data to estimate the prevalence of SMA in the population using the life\u2010table method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This data analysis showed the presence of one copy of the <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic> gene in 108 samples and two copies in 4090 samples, which resulted from a carrier frequency of 2.6%. The carrier frequency was twofold in females reaching 3.7% compared to 1.6% in males. 27% of participants were children of first\u2010cousin marriages. We estimated the birth incidence of SMA to be 32 per 100,000 birth and the total number of people living with SMA in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be 2265 of which 188 are type I, 1213 are type II, and 8,64 are type III.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SMA carrier rate of 2.6% in Saudi control subjects is slightly higher than the reported global frequency of 1.25 to 2% with links to the high degree of consanguinity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.2049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T07:43:48Z","timestamp":1662363828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spinal muscular atrophy carrier frequency in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9820-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Jumah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neurology Department King Fahd Medical City Hospital  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Al Rajeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"Eyaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Genetics division King Abdul Aziz Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al\u2010Jedai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs Ministry of Health  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Al Mudaiheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Al Shehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Integrated practice Unit, Neuroscience Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department King Fahd Medical City Hospital  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al Abdulkareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Data and AI Authority National Center for AI  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001952"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2015.11.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Copy number variations in the survival motor neuron genes: Implications for spinal muscular atrophy and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","author":"Butchbach M. 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