{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1791388933783,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molec Gen &amp;amp; Gen Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Recent evidence suggests a potential role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of DR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and DR risk in T2DM patients through a meta\u2010analysis of observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases up to December 2024. Observational studies assessing serum 25(OH)D levels and DR risk were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed\u2010 or random\u2010effects models depending on heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessments were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty studies encompassing 22,408 T2DM patients were included. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with increased DR risk (pooled OR\u2009=\u20091.17, 95% CI: 1.08\u20131.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Heterogeneity was moderate (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200952%). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness. No significant publication bias was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D\u2009&lt;\u200920\u2009ng\/mL) is associated with increased DR risk. Monitoring and correcting vitamin D status may aid in DR prevention. Future studies are needed to determine causality and evaluate the benefits of supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T04:48:21Z","timestamp":1766810901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0500-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoxiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First People's Hospital of Linping District  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First People's Hospital of Linping District  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First People's Hospital of Linping District  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology First People's Hospital of Linping District  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Low Vitamin D and Diabetic Retinopathy in Egyptians","volume":"15","author":"Abu El Maaty M. 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