{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:04:04Z","timestamp":1784203444159,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]],"date-time":"2002-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1040342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":353,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 41 consecutive patients with \u201cidiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome\u201d and abnormal electrophysiologic findings who underwent carpal tunnel release were studied prospectively. The focus of this investigation was the evaluation of the levels of specific chemical mediators within the serum and flexor tenosynovium of these patients. Blood was collected from these patients within 1 week prior to carpal tunnel release, and flexor tenosynovium was obtained at time of surgery. Specimens were then analyzed to determine the levels of interleukins 1 and 6, prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and malondialdehyde bis diethyl acetal. These values were compared to those of controls who had no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. A significant increase was noted in the serum malondialdehyde and tenosynovial levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and prostaglandin PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> compared to controls. The elevated levels of these biologic factors and the absence of interleukin 1 elevation support a noninflammatory ischemia\u2010reperfusion etiology for so\u2010called \u201cidiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome\u201d that causes progressive edema and fibrosis of the tissues within the carpal canal. These findings correlate with previous histopathology reports. We believe that \u201cidiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome\u201d is an \u201c\u2010osis\u201d not an \u201c\u2010itis.\u201d \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:378\u2013385 2002<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,24]],"date-time":"2002-12-24T01:15:41Z","timestamp":1040692541000},"page":"378-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Biochemical evaluation of serum and flexor tenosynovium in carpal tunnel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Freeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco A.","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Angel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd G.","family":"Nick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Social and economic costs of carpal tunnel surgery","volume":"44","author":"Palmer DH","year":"1995","journal-title":"AAOS Instructional Course Lectures"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80254-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(89)80048-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00303-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00307-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Slater RR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.7.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(90)90040-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(87)90071-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"4\u2010hydroxy\u20102,3\u2010alkenals as molecular mediators of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Parola RG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Therapeutic modulation of cytokines","author":"Pettipher ER","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.2.H663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(83)90242-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90070-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(91)90208-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(09)91053-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90091-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"1307","volume-title":"Surgery of the hand and upper extremity","author":"North ER","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769060-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"451","article-title":"The carpal t\u00fanel as a compartment: an anatomic perspective","volume":"21","author":"Cobb TK","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"395","article-title":"Histomechanical aspects of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Lin R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00559-X","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ditmars DM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90018-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6227.1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199212000-00027","article-title":"Carpal canal stenosis in men with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"285","author":"Papaioannou T","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80120-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(94)90206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90005-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90178-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31718-1","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Szabo RM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198309000-00039","article-title":"Tissue pressure threshold for peripheral nerve viability","volume":"178","author":"Gelberman RH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30335-7","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a scientific basis for clinical care","volume":"19","author":"Gelberman RH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00622-3","article-title":"The significance of longitudinal excursion in peripheral nerves","volume":"2","author":"Wilgis EF","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01101-X","article-title":"Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome, epineural fibrosis fixation, and traction neuropathy","volume":"7","author":"Hunter JM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00965-3","article-title":"Patterns of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Ditmars DM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319309078113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: biomechanical aspects of occupational occurance and implications regarding surgical management","volume":"7","author":"Rothfleisch S","year":"1978","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","unstructured":"WassermanDE TaylorW.Proceedings of International Hand Arm Vibration Conference. Publication no. 77\u2010170. Washington DC: Department of Health Education and Welfare (NIDSH); 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00275-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Prostaglandin","author":"Hall AK","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Therapeutic modulation of cytokines","author":"Di Giovine FS","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Therapeutic modulation of cytokines","author":"Meager A","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00929.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05130.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91413-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(88)80766-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Advances in immunology","author":"Dinarello CA","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00327-9"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmicr.10065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.10065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T10:27:18Z","timestamp":1700303238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.10065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.10065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.10065","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}