{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:33:52Z","timestamp":1791088432626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,20]],"date-time":"2003-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1061337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":231,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal transplantation in rats is an essential experimental tool in transplantation research. The surgical procedure per se could affect the outcome of an experiment, independent of the hypothesis addressed, therefore requiring a standardized method which should be comparable across studies. To date, however, there is little information on the optimal surgical technique. We performed a Medline search on original articles published between 1965\u20132001 in order to evaluate whether specific technical issues affecting the outcome of the procedure could be defined. Articles that reported on a novel microsurgical procedure, or whose main purpose was the outcome of a surgical technique itself, were included in the analysis. From 2,060 retrieved publications, 34 corresponded to the selection criteria (rats <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> microsurgery <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> technique <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> kidney <jats:italic>or<\/jats:italic> renal transplantation). Among the essential determining factors for a good outcome, body weight &gt;200 g and warm ischemic time &lt;30 min were identified. Other important factors were the techniques used for vascular (end\u2010to\u2010end and end\u2010to\u2010side procedure or sleeve technique) and ureteral (bladder patch or end\u2010to\u2010end procedure) anastomosis. Gender, animal strain, type of anesthesia, prophylactic administration of antibiotics, and type of flushing solution did not affect the success of renal allografts. In order to avoid a bias related to the surgical procedure in rat renal transplantation, a warm ischemia time &lt;30 min in animals with a body weight &gt;200 g seems to be essential. Also, end\u2010to\u2010end or end\u2010to\u2010side vascular anastomoses are preferable to the sleeve technique. Other factors do not influence the immediate function of the graft. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:387\u2013394 2003<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.10139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T13:29:38Z","timestamp":1061558978000},"page":"387-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Kidney transplantation in rats: An appraisal of surgical techniques and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce N.","family":"Van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"904","article-title":"Microvascular surgical techniques in research, with special references to renal transplantation in the rat","volume":"58","author":"Fisher B","year":"1965","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"308","article-title":"Kidney transplantation in the dog: surgical technique","volume":"9","author":"Collins DL","year":"1966","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08941938909057435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(1999)19:6<272::AID-MICR3>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"956","article-title":"Renal transplantation in rats with the use of microsurgical techniques: a new method","volume":"63","author":"Daniller A","year":"1968","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"771","article-title":"An improved technique in renal transplantation in the rat","volume":"61","author":"Lee S","year":"1967","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.126.5.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"466","article-title":"The three kidney rat model","volume":"11","author":"Silber SJ","year":"1974","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197411000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517509095767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"A propos de 490 transplantations r\u00e9nales chez le rat","volume":"1","author":"Beurton D","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Microsurgical renal transplantation techniques in small animals","volume":"15","author":"Bramis JP","year":"1977","journal-title":"Invest Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844317809013008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1978.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"2070","article-title":"Il trapianto di rene nel ratto: problemi di tecnica chirurgica","volume":"55","author":"Innocenti P","year":"1979","journal-title":"Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271437"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000428776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920030205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Die orthotope Nierentransplantation bei der Ratte mit schienungsloser End\u2010zu\u2010End\u2010Anastomose des Harnleiters","volume":"75","author":"Oesterwitz H","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920040405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920040406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"449","article-title":"Transplantation von Nieren kindlicher Spender in adulte Empf\u00e4nger. 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