{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:08Z","timestamp":1786978268608,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4674,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Penetrating glass injuries are a common cause of severe neurovascular damage, both in adults and in children. Frequently, an innocent skin wound disguises the extensive nature of the injuries beneath. Nineteen children and adolescents (ages 3\u201316 years) with a mean age of 9 years who sustained upper extremity penetrating glass wounds were evaluated retrospectively in order (1) to determine the incidence of unappreciated significant neurologic, musculotendonous, or vascular injury; (2) to provide indications for intraoperative evaluation under anesthesia; and (3) to further define the role of microneurorrhaphy in this population. Twelve patients sustained injuries above the elbow and seven patients injuries distal to the elbow. Above the elbow, the structures injured in order of frequency were the median nerve (75%), the brachial artery (58%), the ulnar nerve (50%), the musculocutaneous nerve (33%), sensory nerves of the arm and forearm and venae commitantes (42% each), the radial nerve (25%), and the chords of the brachial plexus (8%). Distal to the elbow, the ulnar nerve was the most frequently involved (71%), followed by the ulnar artery (57%), the flexor carpi ulnaris (57%), the superficialis and profundus flexor tendons (43%), the median nerve (43%), and the palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis (14% each). Early exploration is critical to successful management. Vascular repairs and or microneurorrhaphy were necessary in all cases. A detailed follow\u2010up evaluation to assess the results of these repairs was carried out from 4 to 9 years postsurgery. There were no clinical problems related to the vascular reconstructions. The results of the nerve repairs in this small series of children and adolescents were remarkably good. Sensory modalities and motor function approached normality. Of particular note was the return of intrinsic motor function even in high axillary injuries. Microsurgical reconstruction following penetrating glass injuries to the upper extremities in children and adolescence is a worthwhile procedure, yielding surprisingly good results. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920140202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T16:25:02Z","timestamp":1173025502000},"page":"91-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Management of major penetrating glass injuries to the upper extremities in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thomais G.","family":"Iconomou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Zuker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan J.","family":"Michelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30248-0","article-title":"Hand injuries in children","volume":"3","author":"Lindsay WK","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446060-00007","article-title":"Hand injuries in children","volume":"46","author":"Wakefield AR","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Care for the Injured Child","author":"Salter RB","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries","volume":"68","author":"Birch R","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90030-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80023-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198505000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0072-968X(72)90039-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(90)90004-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0072-968X(73)90061-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80035-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"266","volume-title":"Symposium On Pediatric Plastic Surgery","author":"Williams BH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679008993065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)39832-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196210000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(86)90013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318109103411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30185-1","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries in children","volume":"7","author":"Frykman GK","year":"1976","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197707000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198811000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668020-00013","article-title":"Anatomical basis for repair of ulnar and median nerves in the distal part of the forearm by group fascicular suture and nerve grafting","volume":"68","author":"Chow JA","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(85)80058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B1.1991753","article-title":"Repair of median and ulnar nerves","volume":"73","author":"Birch R","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80164-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197508000-00008"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmicr.1920140202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.1920140202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T17:18:32Z","timestamp":1698167912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.1920140202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.1920140202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.1920140202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]}}}