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Nerve regeneration through 1 and 2 cm grafts made of vein plus muscle was compared with similarly long traditional nerve grafts, free fresh muscle grafts, and empty vein grafts. Regeneration was assessed clinically and histologically (qualitative and quantitative evaluation) in the graft and distal nerve stumps. Vein plus muscle grafts were superior to vein and fresh muscle grafts both functionally and histologically. Functional results were similar to those found in traditional nerve grafts, but axon number was superior in the veins filled with muscle. This suggests that vein filled with muscle might serve as a grafting conduit for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries and could give better results than traditional nerve grafting. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920140407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T21:16:09Z","timestamp":1173042969000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Bridging nerve defects with combined skeletal muscle and vein conduits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giorgio A.","family":"Brunelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Vigasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Brunelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Marocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1281","article-title":"Invaginamento in segmenti venosi di lesioni nervose","volume":"90","author":"Fontana G","year":"1983","journal-title":"Policlinico Sezione Chirurgica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"240","article-title":"Studio sperimentale sulla possibilit\u00e1 di rigenerazione del nervo periferico in uno spazio vuoto endoteliale (vena) e della spontanea connessione con gli organi terminali per tropismo","volume":"4","author":"Brunelli G","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ortopedia e Traumatologia Oggi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1006969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Autogenous vein graft as a conduit for nerve regeneration","volume":"91","author":"Chiu DTW","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199011000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-54-14401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1944.1.6.0400"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490060302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90215-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199003000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.3.0354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90081-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(84)80018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90976-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(75)90378-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(75)90379-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.23.2.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Peripheral nerve growth through differently orientated muscle matrices","volume":"4","author":"Davies AN","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuro\u2010Orthopedics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","article-title":"Recovery of neuromuscular transmission following peripheral nerve repair with muscle autografts in the non\u2010human primate","volume":"70","author":"Gattuso JM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.68B5.3782256","article-title":"The effect of muscle basement membrane on the regeneration of rat sciatic nerve","volume":"686","author":"Glasby MA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01611732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"A comparison of nerve regeneration through nerve and muscle grafts in rat sciatic nerve","volume":"2","author":"Glasby MA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuro\u2010Orthopedics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(86)90155-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Recovery of peripheral nerves after surgical repair with treated muscle grafts. 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