{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1781708741179,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]],"date-time":"2005-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3944,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between October 1984 and October 1993, 520 patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries were treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok. There were 486 male and 34 female patients. Eighty\u2010two percent of the injuries were caused by motorcycle accidents, 9% by other traffic accidents, and 9% by gunshot, stabbing, and other means. The initial physical examination revealed 332 (63.8%) complete paralyses and 88 (36.2%) incomplete paralyses. One hundred twenty\u2010seven patients were treated conservatively, 43 patients were observed before definitive treatment was given, and 350 patients were treated by operative means. Four hundred and twenty\u2010one surgical procedures were performed, consisting of 314 neurotisations (250 spinal accessory, 14 plexo\u2010plexal, 21 intercostal, 21 phrenic, 4 cervical plexus, 1 long thoracic, and 3 neuromuscular), 38 neurolyses, 23 nerve grafting, 16 free muscle transfers combined with neurotisations, and 30 musculotendinous transfers. Motor functional recovery of patients followed up for more than 2 years was evaluated. Nerve grafting gave 82% good (more than MRC grade 3) and 18% fair and poor recovery. Neurolysis gave 69% good and 31% fair and poor recovery. In patients with neurotisation, the spinal accessory (to supra\u2010scapular, axillary, and musculocutaneous), intercostal (to musculocutaneous), phrenic (to suprascapular, axillary, and musculocutaneous), and plexo\u2010plexal methods gave a significant number of good results. \u00a9 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T23:11:40Z","timestamp":1173049900000},"page":"35-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Brachial plexus injury in Thailand: A report of 520 cases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Panupan","family":"Songcharoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Reconstructive Microsurgery","author":"Daniel RK","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Post\u2010traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus","volume":"55","author":"Lusskin R","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198812000-00007","article-title":"Brachial plexus injury nerve grafting","volume":"237","author":"Millesi H","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198812000-00008","article-title":"Neurotization in brachial plexus injuries: Indication and results","volume":"237","author":"Narakas AO","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.2.0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(89)90017-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(89)80047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(94)90052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(94)90051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198812000-00005","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis, testing, and electromyographic study in brachial plexus traction injuries","volume":"237","author":"Leffert RD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00575228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Unsatisfactory Results in Hand Surgery","author":"Narakas AO","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800690112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Emergency versus delayed repair of severe brachial plexus injuries","volume":"237","author":"Megalon G","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198812000-00011","article-title":"Neurotisation via the spinal accessory nerve in complete paralysis due to multiple avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus","volume":"237","author":"Allieu Y","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(90)90216-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(09)91101-7"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmicr.1920160110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.1920160110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T19:27:10Z","timestamp":1698348430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.1920160110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.1920160110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.1920160110","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}