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A rabbit model for whole knee joint transplantation was developed and tested using the same methodology, initially as an autotransplant. <jats:italic>Materials\/Methods:<\/jats:italic> Knee joints of eight New Zealand White rabbits were elevated on a popliteal vessel pedicle to evaluate limb viability in a nonsurvival study. Ten additional joints were elevated and replaced orthotopically in a fashion identical to allotransplantation, obviating only microsurgical repairs and immunosuppression. A superficial inferior epigastric facial (SIEF) flap and a saphenous arteriovenous (AV) bundle were introduced into the femur and tibia respectively, generating a neoangiogenic bone circulation. In allogenic transplantation, this step maintains viability after cessation of immunosuppression. Sixteen weeks later, X\u2010rays, microangiography, histology, histomorphometry, and biomechanical analysis were performed. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Limb viability was preserved in the initial eight animals. Both soft tissue and bone healing occurred in 10 orthotopic transplants. Surgical angiogenesis from the SIEF flap and AV bundle was always present. Bone and joint viability was maintained, with demonstrable new bone formation. Bone strength was less than the opposite side. Arthrosis and joint contractures were frequent. <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> We have developed a rabbit knee joint model and evaluation methods suitable for subsequent studies of whole joint allotransplantation. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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