{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:36:48Z","timestamp":1784255808595,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,21]],"date-time":"2012-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyze the utility and the clinical outcomes of anterolateral thigh (ALT)\u2010free flaps and conversion from external to internal fixation with plating and bone grafting in Gustilo type IIIB open tibial fractures. A total of 21 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The mean follow\u2010up period was 18 months and the mean age was 46.7 years. There were 18 men and three women. The mean time from injury to flap coverage was 11.6 days. The mean size of flaps used was 15.3 \u00d7 8.2 cm. The mean size of bone defects was 2.26 cm. Segmental bone defects were observed in 5 five cases, for which bone transport or vascularized fibular graft were performed. When flaps were successful and the fracture sites did not have any evidence of infection, internal fixation with plates and bone grafting were performed. Flaps survived in 20 cases. In the 20 cases with successful flaps, two cases developed osteomyelitis, but the 20 cases achieved solid bone union at a mean of 8.6 months after the injury, salvaging the lower extremity in 100% of the cases. At the last follow\u2010up, 9 nine cases were measured excellent or good; 6, fair; and 6, poor in the functional assessment based on the method developed by Puno et al. ALT\u2010 free flaps to cover soft tissue defects in Gustilo type IIIB open tibial fractures are considered as useful option for the treatment of composite defects. In addition, conversion to internal fixation and bone grafting can be an alternative method in order to reduce the risk of complications and inconvenience of external fixators. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.21970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]],"date-time":"2012-03-22T19:14:12Z","timestamp":1332443652000},"page":"431-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Outcomes of anterolateral thigh\u2010free flaps and conversion from external to internal fixation with bone grafting in gustilo type IIIB open tibial fractures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duke Whan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung Soo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198707000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199603000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199706000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199910000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200206000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138750.54859.AC","article-title":"The use of anterolateral thigh perforator flaps in chronic osteomyelitis of the lower extremity","volume":"115","author":"Hong JP","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200202000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200206000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(1996)17:3<167::AID-MICR14>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B7.10482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305536.09242.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.10986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181cf9fb5","article-title":"The treatment of Gustilo grade IIIB tibia fractures with application of antibiotic spacer, flap, and sequential distraction osteogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Hutson JJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181d048b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181a20ab0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000250599.84033.1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31317-1","article-title":"Emergency free tissue transfer for reconstruction of acute upper extremity wounds","volume":"6","author":"Breidenbach WC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769060-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817d60e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000204959.18136.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-864848"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000239579.37760.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318187cc87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199501000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198903000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198805000-00010","article-title":"Severe open tibial fractures. 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