{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:55:45Z","timestamp":1776916545972,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microvascular surgeons always hold strong belief against the use of vasopressors during free flap surgery. Our aim is to study the safety of intra\u2010operative vasopressors on free jejunal flap reconstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing free jejunal flap reconstruction, aiming at investigating the intra\u2010operative use of vasopressors and the potential complications associated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1984 and 2012, 110 free jejunal flaps were performed for reconstruction of circumferential pharyngeal defects created after resection of cancers of the hypopharynx. Intra\u2010operative vasopressor was given in 81 (73.6%) patients. The most common vasopressors used were ephedrine (42.7%), phenylephrine (14.5%) or both (42.8%). They were administered to the patients before the start of flap harvesting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32, 29.1%), during the flap harvesting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30, 27.3%), during microvascular anastomosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20, 18.2%), or they were given more than once during the whole operation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 28, 25.4%). The incidence of intra\u2010operative re\u2010anastomosis due to thrombosis was 4.5% and the post\u2010operative flap failure rate was 5.4%. There was no significant relationship between the administration of vasopressor during surgery and the need for intra\u2010operative re\u2010anastomosis, post\u2010operative flap failure and the timing of flap failure. Similarly, there was also no relationship between the timing of vasopressor administration and the above variables. The long\u2010term stricture rate was 2.7%, the risk of which was not increased by the intra\u2010operative use of vasopressors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intra\u2010operative use of vasopressors is safe in free jejunal flap reconstruction. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:358\u2013361, 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T16:05:48Z","timestamp":1369411548000},"page":"358-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Safety of intra\u2010operative vasopressor in free jejunal flap reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jimmy Yu Wai","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Velda Ling Yu","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence Hin Lun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery Department of Surgery University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","article-title":"Combined use of free jejunum and pectoralis major muscle flap with skin graft for reconstruction after salvage total pharyngolaryngectomy","author":"Miyamoto S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","article-title":"Free jejunum reconstruction of upper esophageal defects","author":"Laing TA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Cummings Otolaryngology. 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