{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T08:25:46Z","timestamp":1751012746370},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 101\u20102314\u2010B\u2010182A\u2010033\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 101\u20102314\u2010B\u2010182A\u2010033\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distal nerve transfer has proven efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate if an injured nerve can be used as a donor nerve for transfer, and to determine the threshold of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rat's left ulnar\u2010nerves in the axilla with different degrees of injury were selected as the donor nerves for transfer, and the musculocutaneous\u2010nerves the target nerves for being re\u2010innervated. Six rats each served as positive and negative controls: Group A, intact ulnar\u2010nerve transfer; and Group E, the ulnar\u2010nerve was cut but no transfer. Ten rats each were assigned to Group B to Group D with 25%, 50%, and 75% transected ulnar\u2010nerve, respectively and all were transferred to the musculocutaneous\u2010nerve. After a 12\u2010week recovery period, outcomes were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biceps muscle weight measurements showed all experimental groups\u2014D 0.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 g\/72%, C 0.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 g\/73%, B 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 g\/74%, and A 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 g\/80%\u2014were lighter than group H 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 g, which were all statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Muscle tetanus contraction force measurements were the lowest in group D35\u2009\u00b1\u20098.6 g\/69%. Groups C and B measured 41\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5 g\/75% and 40\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2 g\/77% and group A 41\u2009\u00b1\u20099.4 g\/95%, respectively. Group H showed muscle contraction force of 52\u2009\u00b1\u20097.2 g, which was statistically significant when compared to experimental groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001). EMG measurements of the biceps muscles showed: group D was 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 mV\/69%, group C was 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 mV\/75%, and group B was 4.2 mV\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\/81%. Group H was5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 mV and statistically significant different when compared with experimental groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001).Axon counts of healthy ulnar\u2010nerve (Group H) were 1849\u2009\u00b1\u2009362. Axon counts of the injured ulnar\u2010nerve were in group B 1447\u2009\u00b1\u2009579\/78%, group C 1051\u2009\u00b1\u2009367\/57% and group D 567\u2009\u00b1\u2009230\/31%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The donor nerve should be healthy in order to provide optimal result. A big nerve (e.g., ulnar nerve) but injured with at least 75% axon spared is still potentially effective for transfer. In contrast, a small nerve (e.g., intercostal nerve) once injured with 75%axon spared would be considered a suboptimal donor nerve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T19:12:52Z","timestamp":1487272372000},"page":"647-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Can an injured nerve be used as a donor nerve for distal nerve transfer?\u2014An experimental study in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Chieh Han","family":"Tzou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuieng\u2010Yi Johnny","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommy Nai\u2010Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Chwei\u2010Chin","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Microreconstruction of nerve injuries","author":"Alnot 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