{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T21:56:49Z","timestamp":1778363809829,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ko 4903\/1\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ko 4903\/1\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vascularized bone allotransplantation may provide new options for reconstruction of segmental defects if problems of long\u2010term immune modulation can be solved. The current literature lacks an orthotopic large animal model, limited to bone and without the confounding effects of other tissue types, permitting a multifaceted evaluation before new methods are used clinically. The purpose of this study was to develop a large animal model for vascularized bone allotransplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight porcine hind limbs were dissected. Length, diameter, and location of all hindlimb vessels were measured and a single nutrient vessel supplying the tibial diaphysis identified enabling its use as a vascularized bone allotransplant. Four Yucatan minipigs were divided into two pairs with a major swine leukocyte antigen mismatch. A 3.5\u00a0cm tibial segment including its nutrient pedicle was raised simultaneously from each pig and transplanted into the matched defect of the other animal. Microarterial anastomosis of the pedicle and 3\u2010drug immunosuppression maintained VCA viability. Bone healing and limb function were followed for 16\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A consistent tibia diaphyseal nutrient artery arose from the caudal tibial artery to enter bone a mean 2.8\u00a0mm distal to the tibial tubercle with a pedicle length of 6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.3\u00a0mm and diameter of 1.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0mm. Using this pedicle, we reconstructed a 3.5\u00a0cm tibial defect with a vascularized bone allotransplant in four animals. Immediate weightbearing as well as progressive bone healing was demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed a vascularized tibial bone allotranplantation large\u2010animal model suitable for future bone\u2010only allotranplantation research in mini\u2010pigs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T07:16:41Z","timestamp":1510557401000},"page":"195-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A new porcine vascularized tibial bone allotransplantation model. Anatomy and surgical technique"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2685-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kotsougiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Hand\u2010, Plastic\u2010 and Reconstructive Surgery Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen  Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost I.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"},{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery Department Vrije Universiteit medical centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia F.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Hundepool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen T.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000162117.38464.B3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000480016.20326.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Anatomic and hemodynamic study of the vascularized pig fibula bone flap model","volume":"25","author":"Chiodo A. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200003000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199603000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2003.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199608000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199904020-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199307000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02303861"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2009.01860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.1995.tb01548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00426059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200110000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000205876.05093.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182789ad4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Porcine heterotopic composite tissue allograft transplantation using a large animal model for preclinical studies","volume":"29","author":"Kuo Y. R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chang Gung Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"[Clinical chemistry examinations of bone and muscle metabolism under stress in the Gottingen miniature pig\u2014An experimental study]","volume":"92","author":"Laiblin C.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199103000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.20902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0386-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2752(2000)20:3<143::AID-MICR9>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2000.5821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000061490.85273.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-004-0653-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1998.0196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199312000-00022","article-title":"Use of the Ilizarov technique after a free microvascular muscle flap transplantation in massive trauma of the lower leg","volume":"297","author":"Tukiainen E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2752(2000)20:8<400::AID-MICR10>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.03.051"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmicr.30255","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.30255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T21:34:52Z","timestamp":1695504892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.30255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.30255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.30255","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]}}}