{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:01:56Z","timestamp":1791450116257,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic, posttraumatic condition defined by severe pain and sensorimotor dysfunction. In cases of severe CRPS, patients request amputation, which may cause phantom limb pain (PLP) and residual limb pain (RLP). Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) reduces the risk of PLP and RLP. This report describes the use of TMR at the time of amputation in a series of patients with CRPS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four patients (ages 38\u201371\u2009years) underwent TMR at the time of amputation for CRPS between April 2018 and January 2019. Three patients had a history of trauma and surgery to the affected limb. All patients attempted pharmacologic and interventional treatments for 1\u20137\u2009years before requesting amputation. Three patients underwent below\u2010knee amputations (BKA) and one had an above\u2010knee amputation (AKA). Target muscles included the soleus, gastrocnemius, and flexor hallucis longus (BKA), and semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and vastus medialis (AKA). Postoperative phantom and residual limb pain symptoms were collected via a telephone survey adapted from the Patient\u2010Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no complications related to the TMR procedure. Average follow\u2010up time was 12.75\u2009months. Patients reported varied outcomes: two had RLP and PLP, one had RLP only, and one had PLP only. All patients reported successful prosthetic use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TMR may be performed at the time of amputation for CRPS. Further study is necessary to determine the effect of TMR on pain, pain medication use, prosthesis use, and other domains of function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T12:20:46Z","timestamp":1600863646000},"page":"852-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Targeted muscle reinnervation at the time of amputation in the management of complex regional pain syndrome of the lower extremity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2152-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna R.","family":"Stoehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachita","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumanas W.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Dumanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.190008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2894360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0515-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649409164392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649709164545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTO.0000000000000194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-012-9322-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70106-5"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Is the pain medicine community reluctant to discuss limb amputation in patients with intractable complex regional pain syndrome?","volume":"18","author":"Midbari A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B4.36422"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"CD009416","article-title":"Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"4","author":"O'Connell N. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-78522015230200990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw105"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Post\u2010traumatic complex regional pain syndrome: Clinical features and epidemiology","volume":"12","author":"Ratti C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: A systemic review of the literature, the past, present and future management","volume":"3","author":"Salibi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pain and Relief"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2018.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92877-V"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.30653","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/micr.30653","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.30653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T04:32:37Z","timestamp":1693801957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.30653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.30653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.30653","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}