{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:27:22Z","timestamp":1789194442827,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H1941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H1941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST\u2010108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010182\u2010069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST\u2010108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010182\u2010069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical demand for lymphedema treatment is huge since the disease mechanism remains unclear, and management are difficult. Our purpose was to develop a reliable lymphedema model mimicking the clinical scenario and allows a microsurgical approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Lewis rats weighing 400 to 450\u2009g were used to create lymphedema with groin and popliteal lymph node dissection and creation of 5\u2009mm circumferential skin defect (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06). A skin incision was made and closed primarily for control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05). Evaluation included indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography 1 and 2\u00a0months postoperatively, volume difference between bilateral hindlimbs measured using micro\u2010CT, and the skin was harvested for histological evaluation 2\u00a0months postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Larger volume differences present in the lymphedema group (17.50\u2009\u00b1\u20097.76 vs. 3.73\u2009\u00b1\u20092.66%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). ICG lymphangiography indicated dermal backflow only in the lymphedema group. Increased thickness of the epidermis was noted in lymphedema group (28.50\u2009\u00b1\u200912.61\u2009\u03bcm vs. 15.10\u2009\u00b1\u20095.41\u2009\u03bcm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). More CD45+ (35.6\u2009\u00b1\u200926.68 vs. 2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.23 cells\/high power field [HPF], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), CD3+ (38.39\u2009\u00b1\u200920.17 vs. 9.73\u2009\u00b1\u20098.62 cells\/HPF, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), and CD4+ cell infiltration (11.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.71 vs. 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.67 cells\/HPF, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) were observed in the lymphedema group. Collagen type I deposition was more in the lymphedema group (0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 vs. 0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rat lymphedema model was successfully established. The model can be applied in lymphedema related research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T04:30:11Z","timestamp":1633753811000},"page":"762-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Creation of a rat lymphedema model using extensive lymph node dissection and circumferential soft tissue resection: Is this a reliable model?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Chi\u2010Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Yi","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Chun\u2010Shin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Craniofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9568-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung\u2010Ju","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan 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