{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:47:03Z","timestamp":1777718823823,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>three dimensional (3\u2010D) virtual planning is an example of computer assisted surgery that improved management of composite tissue defects. However, converting the 3\u2010D construct into two dimensional format is challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess 3\u2010D virtual planning of complex heel defects for better optimized reconstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>a prospective analysis of 10 patients [9 male and 1 female; mean age\u00a0=\u00a027.9\u2009years] with post\u2010traumatic heel defects was performed. Heel defects comprised types II (three patients) or III (seven patients) according to Hidalgo and Shaw and were managed using anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap adopting 3\u2010D virtual planning of the actual defect which was converted into a silicone two dimensional mold. The mean definitive size of the defects was 63.4\u00a0cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Functional, aesthetic, and sensory evaluations of both donor and recipient sites were performed 1 year after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients received thinned ALT (mean size\u00a0=\u00a0139\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) while four patients received musculofasciocutaneous ALT flap (mean size\u00a0=\u00a0199\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). One flap exhibited partial skin flap necrosis. Another flap was salvaged after re\u2010exploration secondary to venous congestion. The mean follow\u2010up was 20.2\u00a0months. The Maryland foot score showed 4 excellent, 5 good, and 1 fair cases. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle hind foot scoring was 76.3 (range: 69\u201386). All patients regained their walking capability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010D virtual planning of complex heel defects facilitates covering non\u2010elliptical defects while harvesting a conventional elliptical flap with providing satisfactory functional outcomes and near\u2010normal contour, volume, and sensibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T08:57:57Z","timestamp":1648803477000},"page":"460-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Virtual planning of the anterolateral thigh free flap for heel reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Ellabban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malek A.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abo Bakr","family":"Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ghorab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moustafa","family":"Elmasry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhail","family":"Masadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mokhtar","family":"Abo\u2010Ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-137X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Fathy","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Minia University  Minya Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31825b3d3a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000105520.24063.bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics3030018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318230c868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1384674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31546-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000244856.98170.9c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200110000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22494"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Application 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