{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:46:20Z","timestamp":1789037180938,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgical management is recommended in patients with severe neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) within the first 6\u2009months of age to regain best possible function. Rehabilitation post\u2010surgery remains relatively unexplored. This is a scoping review that explores, which rehabilitation modalities exist and how they vary for different microsurgical approaches in NBPP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search was conducted to include articles about upper trunk obstetric brachial plexus nerve microsurgery in pediatric patients that made mention of rehabilitation protocols. The aims of rehabilitation modalities varied and were grouped: \u201cpassive\u201d movement to prevent joint contracture or stiffness, \u201cactive\u201d or task\u2010oriented movement to improve motor function, or \u201cproviding initial motor recovery\u201d. Surgical approach was described as either exploration of the brachial plexus (EBP) or nerve transfer without root exploration (NTwoRE). Technique was categorized into transfers and non\u2010transfers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six full\u2010text articles were included. Initiation of rehabilitation was 22.26\u2009days post\u2010surgery. Twenty\u2010eight studies were EBP, and six were NTwoRE. Of studies classifiable by aims, nine were \u201cpassive\u201d, nine were \u201cactive\u201d, and five were \u201cproviding initial motor recovery\u201d. Only 27.7% of EBP studies mentioned active therapy, while 75.0% of NTwoRE studies mentioned active therapy. The average age of patients in the EBP procedure category was 7.70\u2009months, and NTwoRE was 17.76\u2009months. Within transfers, the spinal accessory to suprascapular group was more likely to describe an active shoulder exercise therapy, whereas contralateral C7 group was more likely to describe \u201cinitial motor recovery\u201d, especially through the use of electrostimulation. All articles on electrostimulation recommended 15\u201320\u2010minute daily treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information on rehabilitation is limited post\u2010nerve surgery in NBPP. However, when mentioned, the aims of these therapies vary with respect to surgical approach and technique. The type of therapy to employ may be a multifaceted decision, involving factors such as patient age, initial deformity, and goals of the care team.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.31154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T18:13:23Z","timestamp":1708452803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rehabilitation protocols in neonates undergoing primary nerve surgery for upper brachial plexus palsy: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2081-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv","family":"Mendiratta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Levidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521231211644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/854084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409348185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/854084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.PEDS1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2006.105.6.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2007.106.4.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0894-1130(96)80049-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1555661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-6988.2005.00020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-108-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B4.3403599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718760038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2014.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000169936.19073.b4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1253242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604001-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2019.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-3007-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0208-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193416663887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"356","article-title":"Use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during physical therapy may reduce the incidence of arthrofibrosis after Total knee arthroplasty","volume":"32","author":"Gwam C. 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