{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:18:20Z","timestamp":1792599500858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin\u2010fixed cadavers' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.31182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T07:05:56Z","timestamp":1716793556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers: A descriptive study and clinical significance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yueyin","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8843-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prince L. M.","family":"Zilundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department Center of Medical and Bio\u2010allied Health Sciences Research Ajman University  Ajman United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuokai","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiantao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Scalene myofascial pain syndrome mimicking cervical disc prolapse: A report of two cases","volume":"17","author":"Abd J. 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