{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:01:25Z","timestamp":1789790485804,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free flaps on the lower limb could make the difference between salvage and amputation. Regional tissue oximetry (rSO\u2082) measured by near\u2010infrared light is a tool that is not yet widely described or recognized, as most published studies focus on its use in breast flap monitoring. However, in the context of lower limb reconstruction, it offers an objective and real\u2010time evaluation of flap tissue perfusion, enabling faster responses for salvage compared to traditional clinical monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study comparing lower limb free flap monitoring using two techniques. Group A (June 2016\u2013January 2020) used local real\u2010time rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> monitoring with the INVOS\u2010TM 5100C Somatic Oximeter (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN); each patient had two sensors, one over the flap, another (control) over a nearby non\u2010flap area. Group B (February 2013\u2013May 2016) relied on traditional clinical examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 148 free flaps were included (74 in each group). There was a small, non\u2010significant difference in overall flap survival (Group A: 94.6% vs. Group B: 90.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.344). The flap salvage rate, when reoperated within the first 72\u2009h, was higher but not significantly so (66% vs. 43%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.483) and significantly faster (121 vs. 181\u2009min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in Group A. According to our study, INVOS demonstrated 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV), with 90% specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regional tissue oximetry monitoring of lower limb free flaps is a real\u2010time, objective, non\u2010invasive, and reliable method for early detection of complications. This study allows us to affirm that the revisions of the flaps are statistically significantly faster. It also provides valuable information about anastomotic failure, clearly differentiating between arterial and venous issues, as well as identifying local or systemic issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:36:36Z","timestamp":1741754196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<scp>\u201cINVOS\u201d WE TRUST<\/scp>. Tissue Oximetry for Free Flap Monitoring in Lower Limb Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Garrido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Torrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Riba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andree","family":"Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ania","family":"Smialkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pa\u00fal Zamora","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjprs.2022.08.008"},{"issue":"212","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Outcome After Successful Lower Extremity Free Flap Salvage","volume":"1","author":"Bigdeli A. 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