{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:00:10Z","timestamp":1770969610493,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microsurgery training necessitates a progression from basic to advanced techniques, utilizing artificial models, cadaver labs, and live animals. Living animals are of paramount importance to simulate flap harvest and have a real\u2010life experience with immediate feedback on the quality of dissection. Pigs are effective models for flap harvest training since the anatomy is comparable to that of humans, and so are many flap models. This study introduces the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIAP) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps in pigs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dissections were performed on 10 female swine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Sus scrofa domesticus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, ssp. Large white; 35\u201340\u2009kg) during a perforator flaps dissection course organized by the Italian Society for Microsurgery (SIM: Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Microchirurgia). Adhering to ethical guidelines and the 3R principles, animals were anesthetized and euthanized humanely post\u2010procedure. Twenty SCIAP and 20 SIEA flaps were harvested: vessel anatomy and presence, anatomical landmarks, pedicle caliber and length, flap viability, and design were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SCIAP and SIEA were present on both sides in all animals (100%). The SCIAP was constantly found between 4 and 6\u2009cm medially to the ASIS. After giving off the SCIAP, the SIEA always arose from the SCIAP continuing medially toward the abdomen, giving off small branches (4\u20138) to the skin. Mean pedicle length (distance between origin from the femoral vessel end entry into the flap) was 8.035\u2009cm for the SCIAP artery (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09), 8.04\u2009cm for the SCIAP vein (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11), 14.98\u2009cm for the SIEA artery (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10), and 14.98\u2009cm for the SIEA vein (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24). Mean arterial caliber was 2.201\u2009mm for the SCIAP (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24) and 1.89\u2009mm for the SIEA (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.217). Mean vein caliber was 2.23\u2009mm for the SCIAP (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18) and 2.14\u2009mm for the SIEA (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20090.162). In total, 20 SCIAP and 20 SIEA flaps were harvested. Two of them (one SCIAP and one SIEA) showed signs of hypoperfusion with a 95% viability rate. The SCIAP flap was located 4\u20136\u2009cm medial to the ASIS, while the SIEA was found along a line connecting the ASIS and the midpoint of a line connecting the second and third nipples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SCIAP and SIEA flaps in pigs offer a valuable addition to microsurgical training, replicating important human flaps. Their consistent anatomy and the ability to harvest them in different positions enhance their utility in training programs. These findings support the integration of these flaps into pig model courses, optimizing animal use and training efficacy in line with the 3R principles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T17:05:30Z","timestamp":1743181530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anatomical Study of <scp>SCIAP<\/scp> (Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator) and <scp>SIEA<\/scp> (Superificial Inferior Epigastric Artery) Flaps for Flap Harvest Training in the Swine Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4444-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"d'Alessio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Avvedimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department Cardarelli Hospital  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Ricerca Formazione and Cooperazione Internazionale A.O.R.N. \u201cAntonio Cardarelli\u201d  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Manfellotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ciclamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit Orthopaedic Trauma Center CTO \u201cA.O.U. Citt\u00e0 Della Salute e Della Scienza\u201d  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Grella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. F.","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical\u2010Surgical and Dental Specialties University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit Orthopedic Institute G. Pini\u2010CTO  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"D'Arpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery La Maddalena Cancer Center  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000595"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.570852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.06.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001664","article-title":"Porcine Model for Internal Mammary Vessels Harvesting: Anatomy and Technique","volume":"6","author":"Cajozzo M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 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