{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:52:35Z","timestamp":1773211955499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly affecting 1 in 300 male infants. When urethral stricture develops after the initial surgery, it tends to become intractable, often necessitating multiple corrective surgeries. We previously reported favorable outcomes using an ulnar forearm flap for urethral reconstruction in such refractory cases. Here, we describe the long\u2010term outcomes of three cases treated by this method. All had undergone surgery for hypospadias during childhood and repeated urethral stricture surgeries before undergoing urethral reconstruction using our method. Case 1 was a 40\u2010year\u2010old man who underwent this surgery at age 21. The flap size was 3.0\u2009\u00d7\u200912.5\u2009cm. Postoperatively, the patient had favorable outcomes for 12\u2009years. Subsequently, urethral stricture recurred, requiring corrective surgery using a skin graft. Case 2 was a 58\u2010year\u2010old man who underwent this surgery at age 40\u2009years. The flap size was 3.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910.0\u2009cm. Postoperatively, the patient had favorable outcomes for 11\u2009years. Subsequently, urethral stricture recurred, but symptoms were improved by balloon dilation alone. Case 3 was a 48\u2010year\u2010old man who underwent this surgery at age 45\u2009years. The flap size was 3.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910.0\u2009cm. Postoperatively, urethral stricture recurred at 6\u2009months, necessitating correction using a penile skin flap. The donor site exhibited prominent hypertrophy, suggesting a predisposition for hypertrophic scar development. The follow\u2010up periods were 19\u2009years for Case 1, 18\u2009years for Case 2, and 4\u2009years for Case 3, without stricture recurrence. Compared with long\u2010term outcomes for urethral reconstruction using skin or buccal mucosa grafts, our method showed the potential for more favorable outcomes. This method may be a good treatment option, but may lead to early stricture recurrence depending on the patient's constitution, requiring careful follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.70161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T11:55:23Z","timestamp":1766404523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urethral Reconstruction for Hypospadias Repair Using an Ulnar Forearm Flap: A Report of Long\u2010Term Outcomes of 3 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7501-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goki","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Higashisumiyoshi Morimoto Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198408000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.03.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.30.6.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5569373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000464107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199109000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-946713"}],"container-title":["Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.70161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/micr.70161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/micr.70161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:07:02Z","timestamp":1773133622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/micr.70161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/micr.70161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/micr.70161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0738-1085","1098-2752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0738-1085","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70161"}}