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However, the potential joint effects of QSIs and antibiotics have received little attention. In this study, the joint effects of antibiotics, represented by sulfonamides (SAs) and penicillin, as well as three potential QSIs, were investigated using both Gram\u2010negative (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) and Gram\u2010positive bacteria (<jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>). It was found that <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> tend to be more sensitive to the individual drugs than <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>, whereas the joint effects on the two bacteria showed no difference regarding the same combination of antibiotics and QSIs. In general, SAs presented additive effects with \u03b3\u2010Valerolactone and 2\u2010Pyrrolidinone, but antagonistic effects with L\u2010(+)\u2010Prolinol; penicillin exhibited antagonistic effects with all three QSIs. Moreover, it was found that the rate of resistance in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> against the individual antibiotics was reduced through the addition of the QSIs, which suggests a promising use of the QSIs in the bacterial infection treatment. This study also offers a valuable reference for the risk assessment of the antibiotics and QSIs in the real environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.201500061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T12:59:26Z","timestamp":1448369966000},"page":"54-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Comparison of the Combined Toxicity between Gram\u2010negative and Gram\u2010positive Bacteria: a Case Study of Antibiotics and Quorum\u2010sensing Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Dali","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiruo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/05-415R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1995.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/07-471.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(02)00133-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00045-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109358917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.09.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620140920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01152-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb0697-490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/drup.2000.0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.38.3.291-335.1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3581-3586.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.6.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","first-page":"1684","volume":"87","author":"Deshpande A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. 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