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However, the biosynthesis and roles of IAA in microorganisms, particularly in plant pathogens, remain to be determined. In this study, the plant pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    pv.\n                    <jats:italic>campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Xcc) strain XC1 was shown to produce IAA via an\u00a0\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010tryptophan\u00a0(\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Trp)\u2010dependent pathway. The intermediate metabolite indole\u20103\u2010ethanol and Xcc1569 encoding aromatic amino acid aminotransferase were shown to be partially involved in the uncharacterized sub\u2010pathway in an\u00a0\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Trp\u2010dependent IAA biosynthetic pathway. IAA positively regulated the viability of XC1, as indicated by its colony\u2010forming units (CFUs), extracellular polysaccharide production, protease activity, and virulence on cabbage. IAA also negatively regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in XC1. Furthermore, RNA\u2010Seq revealed a gene cluster,\n                    <jats:italic>ilvCGM<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:italic>leuA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encoding the products responsible for branched\u2010chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, which was negatively regulated by IAA. High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that IAA negatively regulated valine and leucine production. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>ilvC<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly increased the CFUs and reduced the ROS levels of XC1. Exogenous BCAA addition to mutant strain \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>ilvC<\/jats:italic>\n                    restored the CFU and ROS levels to those of wild\u2010type strain XC1. These results revealed an IAA signaling cascade in XC1 that involved\n                    <jats:italic>ilvCGM<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:italic>leuA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , BCAA production, ROS production, and colony formation. These IAA\u2010regulated phenotypes contributed to the virulence of Xcc in host plants. Overall, these results explain IAA\u2010mediated plant\u2013Xcc interactions and underscore the potentially significant role of IAA in microbial physiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mlf2.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:02:26Z","timestamp":1761627746000},"page":"551-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Xanthomonas campestris<\/i>\n                    utilizes IAA to regulate its viability and virulence by altering the production of BCAAs and ROS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8178-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 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