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Using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction\u2010DNA enzyme immunoassay (PCR\u2010DEIA), we studied the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin\u2010like (SEl) superantigens<jats:italic> sem<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> sen<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic> seo<\/jats:italic>, associated with the enterotoxin gene cluster (<jats:italic>egc<\/jats:italic>), in 429 clinical<jats:italic> Staphylococcus aureus <\/jats:italic>isolates. 294 (68.5%) isolates tested positive for at least one of the three SEl genes. In contrast to the fixed gene combination<jats:italic> seg<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>sei<\/jats:italic> also located on<jats:italic> egc<\/jats:italic>, a substantial number of isolates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 108) were found to bear only one or two of the genes encoding SElM, SElN, and SElO. Regarding the origin of the <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates, a significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) was found for the possession of <jats:italic>seo<\/jats:italic> (61.2% of blood isolates <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 42.9% of nasal strains). Also<jats:italic> sem<\/jats:italic> (not significantly) was found more common in blood isolates (52.1% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 40.5%). The survey of the newly described SEl genes<jats:italic> sem<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>seo<\/jats:italic> supports the concept that most clinical <jats:italic>S. aureus <\/jats:italic>isolates harbor subsets of pyrogenic toxin superantigens. The potential contribution of<jats:italic> seo <\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic> sem<\/jats:italic> to the pathogenic potential of<jats:italic> S. aureus<\/jats:italic> has to be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200400044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,11]],"date-time":"2004-11-11T09:18:50Z","timestamp":1100164730000},"page":"488-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Systematic survey on the prevalence of genes coding for staphylococcal enterotoxins SElM, SElO, and SElN"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Karsten","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"von Eiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang S. 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