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In addition, the efficiency of the pig caecal microflora to degrade galangin (3,5,7\u2010trihydroxyflavone), kaempferol (3,5,7,4\u2032\u2010tetrahydroxyflavone), apigenin (5,7,4\u2032\u2010trihydroxyflavone), and luteolin (5,7,3\u2032,4\u2032\u2010tetrahydroxyflavone) was investigated. Identification of the formed metabolites was performed by high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)\u2010diode array detection, HPLC\u2010electrospray ionization\u2010tandem mass spectrometry, and high\u2010resolution gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry. The caecal microflora transformed hispidulin to scutellarein (5,6,7,4\u2032\u2010tetrahydroxyflavone), an effective \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibitor, and 3\u2010(4\u2010hydroxyphenyl)\u2010propionic acid; galangin to phenylacetic acid and phloroglucinol; kaempferol to 4\u2010hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phloroglucinol, and 4\u2010methylphenol; apigenin to 3\u2010(4\u2010hydroxyphenyl)\u2010propionic acid and 3\u2010phenylpropionic acid, and luteolin to 3\u2010(3\u2010hydroxyphenyl)\u2010propionic acid, respectively. To elucidate to what extent different hydroxylation patterns on the B\u2010ring influence the degradation degree of flavonoids, the conversions of galangin and kaempferol as well as that of apigenin and luteolin were compared with those of quercetin (3,5,7,3\u2032,4\u2032\u2010pentahydroxyflavone) and chrysin (5,7\u2010dihydroxyflavone), respectively. Regardless of the flavonoid subclass, the presence of a hydroxy group at the 4\u2032\u2010position seems to be a prerequisite for fast breakdown. An additional hydroxy group at the B\u2010ring did not affect the degradation degree.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200500144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,30]],"date-time":"2005-11-30T10:18:51Z","timestamp":1133345931000},"page":"78-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Use of the pig caecum model to mimic the human intestinal metabolism of hispidulin and related compounds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Labib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Richling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Ulrich","family":"Humpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schreier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00079-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"50","volume":"41","author":"Meltzer H. 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